Variability of aerosol and electrical characteristics of the atmosphere in areas of tectonic activity

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The problem of short-term earthquake prediction so far has not been solved,
although in recent decades created a number of new methods for the study of
precursors of seismic processes. These include monitoring the flow of gases and
aerosols released into the air from the depths of the earth. One indication of
amplification of tectonic activity is increased aerosol background due to the
appearance of the aerosol particles in the atmosphere entrained in the gas flow
(H₂, H₂S, CO₂, CH₄, etc.) in the atmosphere through the near-surface cracks. In
this case, there may be changes in the concentration range of sizes as well as
the chemical composition of aerosol particles. At the same time, due to
particles electrified aerosol component may alter the configuration of the
electric field in the local area of the surface. At the core of this work are
the experimental observation of the variability of electrical and aerosol
characteristics of the atmosphere in areas of tectonic activity. The first
stage was carried out in a seismically active area on the Taman Peninsula in
the area Bugaz transverse fracture. In this experiment, the measured intensity
of the electric field of the atmosphere, the electrical conductivity of air and
aerosol volume scattering coefficient of the second phase of aerosol scattering
measurements carried out in the Altai near Kosh-Agach in a deep tunnel. It is
interesting that during the measurement the total solar eclipse took place in
2008. In the analysis of time-electrical and optical characteristics of the
atmosphere were detected signal fluctuations coincided with the tremors.
Investigation of the spectral characteristics of fluctuation coefficient
aerosol scattering showed that they essentially depend on the activity of the
crust during the measurement period. Analysis of the data shows that the
maximum values of the amplitudes of the spectra of fluctuations occur in the
period before the earthquake, with the peak of the spectrum are more than 2
times. Furthermore, fluctuations in the amplitude spectrum for an active period
large range of different volatility. Fluctuation spectra of the electric field
is also strongly depend on the time of measurement, and the maximum values of
the amplitudes of the spectra for different situations differ by more than an
order of magnitude! These data indicate the prospects of such comprehensive
studies of electrical and aerosol characteristics of the atmosphere.